Description: This article proposes that there are three options for integrating human socio-economic development into its conservation work: (1) have an integrated mix of conservation and development ends, (2) use development means in service of strict conservation ends, and (3) explicitly link the project’s conservation ends to broader development ends. The essay argues that careful articulation of the theories of change behind conservation strategies reveals that option 1 is often the worst choice. Project teams ultimately have to select either conservation or development goals, or risk achieving neither, especially in cases in which there is minimal linkage between the goals.
Full citation: Salafsky, N. 2011. Integrating development with conservation. Biological Conservation, 144:3, 973-978. doi:10.1016



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This is a fine line that conservation NGOs often walk. This article articulated the subtle differences between doing development and doing conservation with development benefits. Results chains explained will be helpful in deciding which community-based programs may be pursued without sacrificing primary conservation goals. Thanks for the tips!